Brain Fitness for Seniors

Brain Fitness for Seniors?

Not sure where you are in the Senior Continuum, but I am 61, which I believe qualifies me, and I want to nurture my neurons.

I began to notice some worrisome changes in my ability to recall words awhile back.

I feel a great deal of fear when I contemplate not being able to discern danger in the world around me, or perhaps being dependent on the good will and intentions of others, who may not want to extend that much of themselves 24/7, and I also know that I cannot stop the inexorable changes associated with aging.

So I want to nurture my neurons, and keep them at their best.

Luckily for me, recent research has given us knowledge about brain fitness for seniors that we did not have even ten years ago.

The human brain has two very fundamental capacities which can be nourished and encouraged, called neurogenesis and neuroplasticity.

Neurogenesis is the birth of new brain cells, daily, which apparently migrate to the hippocampus where memory is laid down. So perhaps memory loss is not inevitable.

It appears that those new neurons do not just plop themselves into an already existing neuronal circuit, like replacements. In order to keep them, I must involve my brain in novel learning experiences. In other words, I must challenge them, or the brain gets rid of them.

It is also very important to take care of my brain through nutrition, sleep, stress management, and physical exercise, which are key components for maximizing neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, along with novel learning experiences.

Challenges involve any novel learning experience, learning a new language, an instrument, or even a computerized brain fitness program, like the Posit Science Brain Fitness Program, which has a lot of research with Seniors, older than Boomers, using it.

If the learning is not novel, the brain does not keep the new neurons, and there goes your memory.

Neuroplasticity is a term describing what neurons do constantly, which is seek new connections by reaching out to nearby neurons. If the connections prove beneficial, the brain will keep them.

So picture your brain working ceaselessly to provide you with more computing power, waving its dendrites and axons around.

Neuroplasticity can also be nurtered with novel learning experiences, which do not use crystallized intelligence (intelligence based on previous experience).

So give me that novel learning experience to maximize my neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. I want to have the world’s biggest hippocampus.

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Stay Sharp for Life: Debunk Ten Brain Myths

Copyright (c) 2009 SharpBrains

Think about this: How can anyone take care of his or her brain when every week brings a new barrage of articles and studies which seem to contradict each other?

Do supplements improve memory? Are physical and brain activity important and complementary or is either enough? Which brain training approach, if any, is worth one’s time and money?

First of all, we need to debunk several popular myths on mental fitness and cognitive health. Once you understand the facts, not the myths, you will be able to make much better decisions on how to stay sharp.

MYTH 1. Our genetic heritage is all that matters in terms of brain dedvelopment.

Facts: Lifelong brain plasticity means that our experiences have a very important influence on how our brain abilities evolve as we get older.

MYTH 2. Aging means automatic decline.

Facts: There is nothing inherently fixed in the precise trajectory of how brain functions evolve as we age.

MYTH 3. Medication is the main hope for cognitive enhancement.

Facts: Non-invasive options can have comparable and more durable effects, side effect-free.

MYTH 4. We will soon have a Magic Pill or General Solution to solve all our cognitive challenges.

Facts: Several lifestyle pillars are important, such as a balanced nutrition, managing stress, and doing regular physical and brain exercise.

MYTH 5. There is only one “it” in “Use It or Lose it”.

Facts: The brain as a physical organ presents a variety of specialized units. Our quality of life and success really depends on several mental abilities, such as attention, memory, decision-making.

MYTH 6. All mental activities or exercises are the same.

Facts: Varied and targeted exercises are the necessary ingredients in brain training so that a wide range of brain functions can be stimulated.

MYTH 7. There is only one way to train your brain.

Facts: Brain functions can be impacted in a number of ways: through meditation, cognitive therapy, cognitive training.

MYTH 8. We all have something called “Brain Age”.

Facts: Brain age is a fiction. No two individuals have the same brain or expression of brain functions.

MYTH 9. That “brain age” can be reversed by 10, 20, 30 years.

Facts: Brain training can improve specific brain functions, but, with research available today, cannot be said to roll back one’s “brain age” by a number of years.

MYTH 10. All human brains need the same brain training.

Facts: As in physical fitness, users must ask themselves: What functions do I need to improve on? In what timeframe? What is my budget?

Do you have other myths in mind you would like us to address?

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Use it or Lose It: the Theory and Practice of Brain Exercise and Fitness for Cognitive Health

Copyright (c) 2007 SharpBrains

Who has not heard “Use It or Lose It”. Now, what is “It”? Last week I gave a talk at the Italian Consulate in San Francisco, and one of the areas attendants seemed to enjoy the most was learning what our brains are and how they work, peaking into the “black box” of our minds. Without understanding at least the basics, how can we make good decisions about our own brain health and fitness?

Let’s review at a glance:

The brain is composed of 3 “brains” or main sub-systems, each named after the evolutionary moment in which the sub-system is believed to have appeared.

1) Neocortex, or Human Brain, is the most recent area, where we perform high-level thinking and complex integrative tasks. Other mammals do have this part too, but in smaller proportion of the whole brain volume. This is where we have our right and left hemispheres.

The Neocortex is composed of

-Frontal Lobes: or the CEO of the Brain, for sophisticated brain functions such as planning and conceptualizing.

-Parietal lobes: dealing with movement, the senses, and some forms of recognition

-Temporal lobes: auditory processes and language

-Occipital: visual processing center (credit: Morphonix)

B) Limbic System, or Mammalian Brain, critical for emotions and for memory,

Emotions are generated here, as well as the appetites and urges that help us survive. For instance, the amygdala gets triggered to prepare us to deal with a threatening situation, resulting in our feeling of fear. The hippocampus is key in the formation of memory.

C) Cerebellum and Stem, or Reptilian Brain, that regulates basic vital variables such as breathing, heartbeat and motor coordination.

When we exercise our brains, we put our Neurons and connections between neurons in action.

Given the diversity of functions outlined above, it is clear that different activities are going to activate different brain areas, which scientists now know thanks to neuroimaging techniques. There is no one magic bullet that is best (either crosswords puzzles, or computer-based programs, or physical exercise): we do need a variety of mental stimulation or “brain exercises”.

“Cells that fire together wire together” means that synapses-unions between neurons- get solidified the more often the respective neurons “talk” to each other.

Here you have some tips that can help you put all this theory into practice:

- Be curious! Get to know your local library and community college, look for local organizations or churches that offer classes or workshops

- Do a variety of things, including things you aren’t good at (if you like to sing, try painting too)

- Work puzzles like crosswords and sudoku or play games like chess and bridge

- Try a computerized brain fitness program for a customized workout

- If you can only do one thing, learn something new every day!

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Brain Games for Adults

Brain games for adults is a bit of misnomer, if by games you mean something to pass the time, because we adults can do much more with brain games these days than pass the time.

Ever heard of neurogenesis? Neurogenesis is a term used to describe the daily growth of new neurons, which is a capacity of the human brain that no one new about until about 10-15 years ago.

Ever heard of neuroplasticity? Neuroplasticity is the term used to describe how our brains form new connections when our brains are exposed to a novel learning experience.

According to Simon Evans,Ph.D. and Paul Burghardt,Ph.D., authors of the Bible of Brain Fitness, Brainfit for Life, those new connections can be formed within minutes.

But here’s the rub, those new connections must be reinforced with practice and those new neurons must be nurtured before they migrate to circuits in the brain, particularly memory circuits, where replacement parts are needed.

How Do You Nurture the Brain?

Well, Evans and Burghardt give us a model for making the brain a hospitable place for new neurons and help us reinforce the new connections between neurons formed when we experience a novel learning experience, which just might come from an adult brain game.

The brain fitness model taught by Evans and Burghardt has several components; physical exercise, nutrition including lots of omega 3 fatty acids and antioxidants, sleep, stress management, and novel learning experiences, which just might include brain games for adults.

The brain fitness writers and researchers say that the best neurogenesis and neuroplastic novel learning experiences are those which we experience when we learn a new language or a new instrument.

When it comes to brains, I am a firm believer in bigger is better, but I do not have time to regularly devote to learning a new language or a new instrument, so I was delighted to come across research in several new books which evaluates the efficacy of computerized novel learning experiences, and that experience can take the form of a brain game for adults.

Brain games for adults can take as little time as a few minutes between phone calls, or clients, or as long as one hour for forty days program put together by Michael Merzenich,Ph.D.

And the research is beginning to roll in which backs up the efficacy of brain games including the IMPACT study published in April of 2009, and the PNAS study first made public in 2008 or 2009.

The PNAS study evaluates the impact of doing a regular workout on the dual n back task, which means focusing in on a computer for 1/2 hour for 19 days, and the measuring stick on the dual n back was and IQ test.

So completing the dual n back adult brain game increases IQ? Yes it does, and you can show the results to your incredulous children, who may think that no adult brain can ever master the intricacies of electronic devices.

So there you have it, adult brain games which make possible increased neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, and do not take hours of tedious practice on the piano or language coaching.

In fact, computerized brain games for adults are so cool that I cannot get my 11 year old son to do them, which is another point in their favor as far as this ‘old dawg’ is concerned.

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