Health Education Teacher Education as a basic course: to improve students’ mental health
Health Education Teacher Education as a basic course: to improve students’ mental health
Akintunde, p. G. (Ph.D) Department of Special Education and Training University of Calabar Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria Olanipekun
, O. Folate
Olabisi Onabanjo University Aug-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria Summary This document is primarily the role of teachers in improving the mental health of students. It discusses the characteristics of the objective image of teachers in a changing social and educational, the social community ownership in the updating of human needs (mental health), which would otherwise be ignored. This highlights the complex role of teacher expectations of the audience. The anticipation makes the duties of teachers diffuse, serving some of the actions of social workers and perform other functions as more than teaching in schools. Training of social responsibilities in a changing environment, especially in the misconception of mental health are discussed, and recommendations. Keywords: Health education for teacher training, teacher education, mental health, health education is necessary for teachers. Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) (1946) adopts a definition of health “state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and disability “, the International Health Conference, New York, June 19-22, 1946, signed on July 22, 1946 by representatives of 61 countries (WHO, Official Gazette No. 2100). Not enter into force on April 7, 1948, stated that health is a fundamental human right. State of the complex nature of the tasks expected of teachers needed requires a social formation that makes them meet the challenge arising from the changing environment. School health education aims at forming a healthy learning experience, a healthy environment (physical and mental), and positive relationships between students and teachers, pupils and students within and outside the school environment. live in an emotionally healthy school health, interpersonal relationships, including a safe and healthy environment. The three objectives of the school education of environmental health for healthy people in healthy communities, healthy environment. Health is the functional interaction between the individual and the environment, and not define the terms of individual privacy. The clinical picture shows the interaction of psychological, physiological and structural. At the moment a person becomes ill, then a return to the infantile type of psychic state, a kind of neurosis of acceptance, which is a normal part of the patient’s reaction to the disease (Canestrari, 1963). However, understanding the mental health of society and teachers can be useful in the transformation of the strange and wild experience at an early stage, the size and responsibilities in later life. Teachers are expected to affect the motivation of students. The number of teachers, students play a vital role in stress management. Students need to be educated about the effects of stress on performance and understand human behavior and how it affects people in the environment (Olanipekun, 2006). Keywords: Health education for teacher training, teacher education, mental health, health education is necessary for teachers. Mental Health mental health is an expression or a level of cognitive and emotional well-being or lack of mental disorders. This may include an individual’s ability to enjoy life and seek a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience (About.com, 2006). It is regarded as an expression, which means that emotions are a number of successful adaptation needs. World Health Organization (2005) defines mental health as “a state of prosperity, in which the individual’s own abilities, can cope with normal stresses of life, work productively and more productive and able to contribute their own community. “However, the organization recognizes that a comprehensive definition is not available due to the impact assessment of cultural, religious and general environment, recognition of mental health and illness. World Health Research (2001) argues that mental health depends on the definition of cultural differences, subjective assessments, and professional competence of the theories, because it affects everything that defines mental health. Mental Disorders definition of mental disorder is one of the most important mental health users and providers of mental health services. Most international clinical documents use the term “mental disorder” and some define it as a psychological or behavioral pattern associated with distress or disability. mental disorders is conceptualized as the brain circuits caused by the processes of development is expected in a complex interaction of genetics and experience. This sample is related to psychological and behavioral problems or disability that occurs at the individual and not the normal development or culture (Yolken and Torrey, 1995). recognition and understanding of mental health status has changed over time and across cultures, there are still some differences in definition, evaluation and classification of mental disorders, although the standard guidelines are widely accepted criteria . Diagnosis by psychiatrists and clinical psychologists in various ways, often based on interviews, observation and examination. The various treatments offered by mental health professionals. Yolken and Torrey (1995) mentions that there are some diagnoses, such as a disorder of childhood conduct disorder or antisocial personality and adult psychopaths, as defined, a priori, or related behavioral problems and violence. conflicting results regarding the extent to which certain symptoms, especially for certain types of psychosis (hallucinations or delusions) that may occur in diseases such as schizophrenia, delusional disorder or mood disorder, linked to an increased risk of serious violence on average . Recently in Global Mental Health evolved, is defined as “a field of study, research and practice that gives priority to improving mental health for all people” (Patel and Prince, 2010). The agent factors of violence, however, the most consistently proved to be a socio-demographic and socio-economic factors such as age, sex, lower socioeconomic status and the particular drug (including alcohol), which some people are especially vulnerable (Stuart, 2003). Types of Mental Disorders There are categories of mental disorders. There are many facets of human behavior and personality to become a disease. This document is the sum of these ratings if Yolken and Torrey (1995), Kitchener and Jorma (2002) and Keyes (2002). anxiety disorder, whether anxiety or fear interferes with normal functioning. This may include a phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, obsessions, compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress. Mood: emotional (emotion / feeling), the process can become disorders. These mood disorders (an unusual and persistent intense sadness melancholia or despair), better known as major depression or clinical depression (a milder, but still a long depression can be diagnosed as dysthymia). Bipolar disorder (manic depression): This is a very “high pressure states or state of mind known as manic / hypomanic, replacing the normal / depressed mood Yolken and Torrey (1995) states the unipolar. and the phenomena of bipolar mood disorder represent distinct categories or if you often mix and match along the dimension or spectrum of mood is the subject of debate in the scientific literature. model of faith, language and perception can become disease. These. such as delirium, hallucinations and disordered thinking these are called psychotic disorders (schizophrenia and delusional disorder) schizoaffective disorder. This term is used for people who show aspects of schizophrenia and affective disorders < . p> personality disorders: paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, actor and narcissistic, avoidant, dependent / obsessive-compulsive disorder adjustment disorders:. This is an inability to adequately adapt to the circumstances of life begins at three months an event or situation, and ends six months after the stress stops, or ends Eating disorder : .. anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, bulimia or binge eating to exercise p <> sexual dysfunction: sexual identity disorder, dyspareunia, and ego-dystonic homosexuality Sleep Disorders: . Insomnia Tic disorders, Tourette syndrome, kleptomania, arson, gambling, substance dependence or abuse or dependence in this category Conduct disorder. inability to behave normally expected in the discipline in society if this continues in adulthood, may be diagnosed as antisocial. Personality Disorder (psychopaths ). occurrence Mental disorders are common worldwide. WHO (2000) mentions that one of every three < ! - NextPage -.> Inform people of the communities most appropriate criteria for at least one at some point life Sanfford (1978), notes that many children have behavior that is contrary to the school environment can not be reasonably described as a healthy and continues to affect the performance of others and adapt them. Carter, Briggs-Gowan, and Davis (2004) exclaimed that many children show a difference in age appropriate behavior that interferes with the child’s own growth and development and / or others. Causes of mental disorders Mental disorders can arise from multiple sources. In many cases there is no acceptable reason recently created. a general belief that the result of genetic vulnerability to mental disorders exposed to environmental stressors . WHO (2000) reveals that a strong correlation between the various forms of serious and complex mental disorder, and adult abuse (emotional, physical, sexual) or neglect of children during the developmental years. The report states that “sexual abuse of children” only has a significant percentage of all mental disorders in adult women, the most notable example of eating disorder and borderline personality disorder. Jefferoate (1969) explains that because of the environment or cause physical or mental illness, while the psyche affects the development of the disease in remote areas of the body organ, disease, anxiety, and this in turn created born illness. Health mental health of individuals depends on the continued satisfaction of the supplies were extras in the spiritual encouragement, the opportunity to give and receive love and affection, that troops and dependents. If one or more of them is / are missing due to a change in mental stability level of mental illness. The following are considered as contributing factors or causes of mental disorder (WHO, 2000; Steadman, Mulvey, Monahan, Robbins, Appelbaum, Grissom, Roth, and Silver, 1998, and Kitchener, and Jorma, 2002): Studies have shown that genes often play important role in mental disorder, although a reliable identification of links between specific genes and specific categories of disorder has been more difficult. Environmental events surrounding pregnancy and childbirth are also involved. traumatic brain injury may increase the development of certain mental disorders. There has been some contradictory relations found in experimental viral infections, the use of materials and overall physical health. social impacts were considered important, including abuse, bullying and other negative / stressful life experiences. the vise of the community in general, problems such as unemployment problems of employment /, socioeconomic inequality and lack of social cohesion is also responsible for mental illness. . The response to people with mental illness for people with mental illnesses or people who had a nervous breakdown in the pathetic and unhealthy. According to a study conducted by the Times Online (2009 ) note that the support provided by extended families, which often help and support of religious leaders who listen with kindness and respect are often contrary to the practice of psychiatric diagnosis and medication. Due to the lack of adequate education and ignorance of the causes of mental illness and emotional problems, the approach to prevention and treatment, the public does not understand the true nature of many of these mental disorders and do not seek the services available. So, instead, to reduce or Cushing’s impact on the problem or the cause of the problem, the worse the condition of people affected. Under certain conditions are not as bad as people see them, and if well managed, the situation can change for the better. Murray, Lopez, and the World Health Organization (1996) reports “The burden of mental ill health and productivity of the the world has been widely underestimated. Data prepared by the huge global burden of disease study, carried out by WHO, World Bank and Harvard University found that mental disorders including suicide, the second place at the start of the disease market … Also revealed that nearly two-thirds diagnosable mental disorders do not seek treatment. This is I think when people understand that mental disorders are not Results moral failings or limited power, but a legitimate illnesses that respond to certain treatments, there are many stereotypes negative can be dispelled ” The report, moreover, that the 10 leading causes of disability (lost years of healthy life count) at the age of 15 to 44 were: major depression , alcohol, traffic accidents, schizophrenia, self-inflicted injuries, drug use, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorders, osteoarthritis and violence Thompson. (2010) study, entitled “Treatment suicide: the treatment is much more important as a therapist, “reports the study, Dr. Marsha Linehan, University of Washington, who suggested that” the type of treatment can make a big difference to people that border disorder personality (BPD), a chronic disease linked to difficulties in effectively managing the emotions of people. more suicide attempts, self-injury (for example, cutting himself) and impulsive and often destructive. ” The stigma remains a serious problem, and in many cases of human rights violations, such as chaining, beating, or a mental illness experience. Perpetrators rarely Justice.Royal psychiatrist College reported that research has shown that the stigma of mental illness. is a line of self-diagnosis of psychiatric illness or mental impairment that is already available in the weekly changes in individual mental health and quality of life. Report Annual spending on health Nigeria is less than 3% of gross domestic product per capita mental health services, received only a small fraction of the total health budget. factors behavior of people, mentally ill a number of factors have been attributed to the negligent attitude of the people for people with mental illness These include:. predisposing factors: history We will ensure behavior. the rationale or motivation for behavior (eg, knowledge, beliefs, values, attitudes, confidence and existing skills) Enabling factors:. the environmental conditions that enable the motivation, should be applied These factors may be the availability of. Access to health care for the confirmation of the factors (financial, psychiatric, etc..) follow the behavior (the adoption of the patient who needs help) Knowledge:. It is necessary that a conscious action takes place, the knowledge acquired in the information provided by health professionals, parents, teachers, books and other media sources tapasztalat.Meggyőződés:. The belief that a phenomenon or object is true or mostly true of them are parents or other respected persons in the life of the néző.Értékek: The value of things generally within a range of ethnic groups and between generations, the people of a common historical and geographical identitásukat.Attitűd : .. This reflects the likes and dislikes towards certain objects, persons / times, the situation with limited experience may light without fully understanding the helyzetet.Kapcsolatok and morality: the clinical understanding of mental illness overlap the range of personal and cultural values of morality, to the extent that it is sometimes argued that the separation of the two is impossible without a fundamental redefinition of the essence of a person in society Tilbury and Rapley ( 2004) and Karasz (2005), agrees that clinical psychiatry, long-term stress and disability, indicating internal disorder requiring treatment, but in the context of distress and disability may be considered as a pointer to an emotional battle as well as the need for social and structural problems. The economic situation has affected the living standards of many people, especially those in the class know the bad. big difference between rich and uncontrolled the poor as a result of family breakdown, in some cases, the adverse effect on children who are being abused. These and other factors have resulted in increased number of mental disorders in school age youth. If society can not accept, schools have no choice and can not be discriminated against. Every child has the right to education in Nigeria. Therefore, schools must learn to adapt and integrate into the system. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy involves a variety of treatment techniques, often combined with medication There are various ways to treat mental disorders, some of which are listed below (general and specific). General Individual: .. that only the patent, and the therapist Group – involving two or more patients in treatment time are given the opportunity to share their experiences and learn and appreciate assess how others feel too Family and friend:. to help spouses and partners understand why a loved one with a mental disorder, what changes in communication , behavior and how you can help what they do .. that < -! nextpage -> to deal with Family / Relationship: Participation in the family or a close relationship, which may affect, or more information about the patient’s condition to improve the patient’s vital and recognized what we have to understand a loved one go, how they themselves are capable of doing, and what you can do to help individual -. the first psychoanalytic approach, including the patient’s unspoken thoughts. free associations, fantasies and dreams, which puts the nature of the analysis of unconscious conflicts that cause the symptoms and character problems highlight the psychological conflicts and defenses behavior therapy / -. ABA focuses on changing maladaptive behaviors, to improve the emotional responses, thoughts and interactions with others Cognitive behavioral therapy -. This is the basis of changes in patterns thought and behavior associated with a particular disease is to identify negative cognitive. rating, beliefs and reactions to influence negative emotions are destructive behavioral problems and dysfunctional psychotherapy. – the main department psychology to reveal the contents of the unconscious psyche of the client in order to relieve mental stress. you get the root of psychoanalysis Existential therapy -… This is based on the existential belief that man is the only in the world This association leads to a lack of respect that can be overcome only create their own values and philosophical phenomena eastbound systemic therapy or family therapy. – a process in the net-work of significant others , and addressed to a person -. humanistic approach a psychological approach to a value oriented, offering a hopeful and constructive vision of human beings, and a high capacity for self-determination, guided by the conviction that intentionality and ethical values are strong psychological forces, among the basic determinants of human behavior eclectic / integrative approach. – two or more therapeutic techniques to treat mental disorders Consulting and co-counseling -. psychological approach, but in this case, the views and suggestions, give rise to the observation and information available to the consultant (s) < . / p> Psycho Education – This program is for people to understand and solve information their problems Creative Therapies -. This includes the works of art, like music and drama therapy School of the nature of the relationship and responsibilities of teachers WHO (2000) in. turns out to be a strong correlation between the various forms of serious and complex mental disorder, and abuse of adults ( physical, sexual or emotional neglect during the years of development), and mentions that the sexual abuse of children only plays an important part of mental illness adult women, the most notable example is that eating disorders and borderline personality disorder should be a matter of great concern for educational institutions. There were different reports of abuse of children in the neighborhood, many of which could have been avoided if there were also enlightened as to how they relate society, some self-defense or to prevent any questions of society, and even counseling for victims. socio-economic and family problems have been a number of school-age children and even some adults display emotional and behavior. A cord of life of children in schools. Therefore, the identification and treatment of emotional and behavioral disorders in children is very important because the teaching offer them directly in schools (Akintunde and Akintunde, 2010)). Economically, it is not possible, every school, a psychiatrist, as permanent staff. It is absurd that a special need for fundamental knowledge can help teachers identify and address mental health problems, to some extent (Akintunde, 2007). more teachers know how to identify child mental health problems better and easier for them to deal with such situations in which they are incurred. His relationship with students and the community and help improve enormous increase in performance of students. may be in a position to enlighten parents of children and the public in general (Akintunde, 2007). education student teachers in the area of mental health in school education health will go a long way not to help students and teachers. The teachers are part of the community, also operates under the same conditions as students and people in the community. Therefore, a number of challenges associated with them, and in the community. teachers personal problems, stress them, which is still expected to accommodate most of which are linked to problems of students mental health problems. To be able to work easily should be armed with sufficient knowledge to address these problems (Sanfford, (1978)). Though the laity look on teaching, that all men are capable of handling, forgetting that this is a job 24 hours is not limited to school hours, but continued after the closing of the transfer clock, the teacher to prepare for the next day and finish the job evaluation / mark any task given to students to work home. As the person’s domestic responsibilities to attend a. Actually, there is little or no time to talk to rejuvenate unless he recovers. If you do not know how to handle the situation, which could end a psychiatric patient. Knowledge of symptoms, identification, management and treatment of mental disorders or diseases that will help you cope and adapt. mental health awareness will enable teachers to know how far you can push the student discipline , academic activities, a common occupation, and what should be done to help or lower the impact of mental illness in students. There are times when the attitude of some teachers (especially the unskilled, or half baked too) can be very painful life of students. This is getting worse, now that school teachers can afford all sorts of errors. problems with the integration of children with mental disorders in the school system According to WHO (2000), almost everyone seems to experience a mental disorder is one or the other. All players to improve mental health have been affected mentally, directly or indirectly. The stress of mental illness get a reminder for everyone, so you need each and every one has to understand and know how to deal with stress. Guardians services will stop at the teachers at school, but students still interact with the environment outside the school when school is not the knowledge of the nature of the interaction. What happens to children after school is not under the control of the school. This condition is worse now than almost every school works as a school day, except for some private schools. There are many possibilities for the effort the school has become unusable for the interaction of the larger society of the counter. The problem with society today is very difficult for some to continue, talk less of a problem to someone else. As a result, not enough value is based on a commitment to ethical care in today’s society. So rare to find a dedicated teacher. The differences in the background, attributes, ethnic, cultural and other, which is unique for each couple, the overall concept and the social stigma associated with mental illness or disorders due to the complex nature of person. If teachers are to bring relief to the problem of mental illness in our society, represents a change in the curriculum of teacher education. It is always a problem because people usually do not give the changes ease.
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